Imagery Service Analysis

Analysis of OpenStreetMap changesets that use imagery services from the imagery_used column. The imagery tag is set automatically by iD, Vespucci and Go Map!!. As other editors are not using it and iD is vastly more popular than other relevant editors this graph is very close to 'market share of iD by edit volume'. JOSM users are typically using source field to note actually used sources.

Monthly Percentage of Edits and Contributors Using Imagery Services

code
df = duckdb.sql("""
WITH monthly_with_imagery AS (
    SELECT 
        year,
        month,
        CONCAT(year, '-', LPAD(CAST(month as VARCHAR), 2, '0')) as months,
        COUNT(DISTINCT user_name) as contributors_with_imagery,
        SUM(edit_count) as edits_with_imagery
    FROM '../changeset_data/year=*/month=*/*.parquet'
    WHERE imagery_used IS NOT NULL
    GROUP BY year, month
),
monthly_total AS (
    SELECT 
        year,
        month,
        CONCAT(year, '-', LPAD(CAST(month as VARCHAR), 2, '0')) as months,
        COUNT(DISTINCT user_name) as total_contributors,
        SUM(edit_count) as total_edits
    FROM '../changeset_data/year=*/month=*/*.parquet'
    GROUP BY year, month
)
SELECT 
    mt.months,
    COALESCE(ROUND((mwi.contributors_with_imagery * 100.0) / mt.total_contributors, 2), 0) as 'Percentage Contributors with Imagery',
    COALESCE(ROUND((mwi.edits_with_imagery * 100.0) / mt.total_edits, 2), 0) as 'Percentage Edits with Imagery'
FROM monthly_total mt
LEFT JOIN monthly_with_imagery mwi ON mt.year = mwi.year AND mt.month = mwi.month
ORDER BY mt.year, mt.month
""").df()

util.show_figure(
    [
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Monthly Percentage of Contributors Using Imagery Services",
            label="Contributors",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Percentage Contributors with Imagery",
            y_unit_hover_template="%",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Monthly Percentage of Edits Using Imagery Services",
            label="Edits",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Percentage Edits with Imagery",
            y_unit_hover_template="%",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
    ]
)

Monthly Top 10 Imagery Services: Edits, Accumulated Edits, Contributors and Accumulated Contributors

code
# Get top 10 imagery services by total edits
df = duckdb.sql("""
WITH imagery_expanded AS (
    SELECT 
        year,
        month,
        user_name,
        edit_count,
        unnest(imagery_used) as imagery_service
    FROM '../changeset_data/year=*/month=*/*.parquet'
    WHERE imagery_used IS NOT NULL
),
top_imagery AS (
    SELECT imagery_service
    FROM (
        SELECT
            imagery_service,
            SUM(edit_count) as total_edits
        FROM imagery_expanded
        GROUP BY imagery_service
        ORDER BY total_edits DESC
        LIMIT 10
    )
),
monthly_imagery_data AS (
    SELECT 
        ie.year,
        ie.month,
        CONCAT(ie.year, '-', LPAD(CAST(ie.month as VARCHAR), 2, '0')) as months,
        ie.imagery_service,
        COUNT(DISTINCT ie.user_name) as "Contributors",
        SUM(ie.edit_count) as "Edits"
    FROM imagery_expanded ie
    WHERE ie.imagery_service IN (SELECT imagery_service FROM top_imagery)
    GROUP BY ie.year, ie.month, ie.imagery_service
)
SELECT 
    months,
    imagery_service,
    "Contributors",
    "Edits",
    SUM("Contributors") OVER (PARTITION BY imagery_service ORDER BY year, month) as "Contributors Accumulated",
    SUM("Edits") OVER (PARTITION BY imagery_service ORDER BY year, month) as "Edits Accumulated"
FROM monthly_imagery_data
ORDER BY year, month, imagery_service
""").df()

util.show_figure(
    [
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Monthly Edits by Top 10 Imagery Services",
            label="Edits",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Edits",
            group_col="imagery_service",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Accumulated Edits by Top 10 Imagery Services",
            label="Edits Accumulated",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Edits Accumulated",
            group_col="imagery_service",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Monthly Contributors by Top 10 Imagery Services",
            label="Contributors",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Contributors",
            group_col="imagery_service",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
        util.FigureConfig(
            title="Accumulated Contributors by Top 10 Imagery Services",
            label="Contributors Accumulated",
            x_col="months",
            y_col="Contributors Accumulated",
            group_col="imagery_service",
            query_or_df=df,
        ),
    ]
)

Top 100 Imagery Services Yearly

code
import json

# Load replacement rules for clickable links
with open("../config/replace_rules_imagery_and_source.json") as f:
    imagery_name_to_html_link = {
        name: f'<a href="{item["link"]}">{name}</a>' for name, item in json.load(f).items() if "link" in item
    }

query = """
WITH imagery_expanded AS (
    SELECT 
        year,
        user_name,
        edit_count,
        unnest(imagery_used) as imagery_service
    FROM '../changeset_data/year=*/month=*/*.parquet'
    WHERE imagery_used IS NOT NULL
),
user_first_year AS (
    SELECT 
        user_name,
        imagery_service,
        MIN(year) as first_year
    FROM imagery_expanded
    GROUP BY user_name, imagery_service
),
imagery_totals AS (
    SELECT
        imagery_service as "Imagery Service",
        CAST(SUM(edit_count) as BIGINT) as total_edits_all_time,
        CAST(SUM(CASE WHEN year >= 2021 THEN edit_count ELSE 0 END) as BIGINT) as total_edits_2021_now,
        CAST(COUNT(DISTINCT user_name) as BIGINT) as total_contributors_all_time,
        CAST(COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN year >= 2021 THEN user_name END) as BIGINT) as total_contributors_2021_now
    FROM imagery_expanded
    GROUP BY imagery_service
),
yearly_metrics AS (
    SELECT
        ie.year,
        ie.imagery_service as "Imagery Service",
        CAST(SUM(ie.edit_count) as BIGINT) as "Edits",
        CAST(COUNT(DISTINCT ie.user_name) as BIGINT) as "Contributors",
        CAST(COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN ufy.first_year = ie.year THEN ie.user_name END) as BIGINT) as "New Contributors"
    FROM imagery_expanded ie
    LEFT JOIN user_first_year ufy 
        ON ie.user_name = ufy.user_name AND ie.imagery_service = ufy.imagery_service
    GROUP BY ie.year, ie.imagery_service
)
SELECT 
    ym.year,
    ym."Imagery Service",
    ym."Edits",
    ym."New Contributors",
    ym."Contributors",
    it.total_edits_all_time as "Total Edits",
    it.total_edits_2021_now as "Total Edits (2021 - Now)",
    it.total_contributors_all_time as "Total Contributors",
    it.total_contributors_2021_now as "Total Contributors (2021 - Now)"
FROM yearly_metrics ym
JOIN imagery_totals it
    ON ym."Imagery Service" = it."Imagery Service"
ORDER BY year DESC, "Edits" DESC
"""
df = duckdb.sql(query).df()

# Apply HTML links to imagery service names
df["Imagery Service"] = df["Imagery Service"].apply(
    lambda name: imagery_name_to_html_link[name] if name in imagery_name_to_html_link else name
)

top_100_contributors = df.groupby("Imagery Service")["Total Contributors"].first().nlargest(100)
top_100_contributors_2021_now = df.groupby("Imagery Service")["Total Contributors (2021 - Now)"].first().nlargest(100)
top_100_edits = df.groupby("Imagery Service")["Total Edits"].first().nlargest(100)
top_100_edits_2021_now = df.groupby("Imagery Service")["Total Edits (2021 - Now)"].first().nlargest(100)

table_configs = [
    util.TableConfig(
        title="Top 100 Imagery Services by Contributors",
        query_or_df=df[df["Imagery Service"].isin(top_100_contributors.index)],
        x_axis_col="year",
        y_axis_col="Imagery Service",
        value_col="Contributors",
        center_columns=["Rank", "Imagery Service"],
        sum_col="Total Contributors",
    ),
    util.TableConfig(
        title="Top 100 Imagery Services by Contributors 2021 - Now",
        query_or_df=df[(df["Imagery Service"].isin(top_100_contributors_2021_now.index)) & (df["year"] >= 2021)],
        x_axis_col="year",
        y_axis_col="Imagery Service",
        value_col="Contributors",
        center_columns=["Rank", "Imagery Service"],
        sum_col="Total Contributors (2021 - Now)",
    ),
    util.TableConfig(
        title="Top 100 Imagery Services by Edits",
        query_or_df=df[df["Imagery Service"].isin(top_100_edits.index)],
        x_axis_col="year",
        y_axis_col="Imagery Service",
        value_col="Edits",
        center_columns=["Rank", "Imagery Service"],
        sum_col="Total Edits",
    ),
    util.TableConfig(
        title="Top 100 Imagery Services by Edits 2021 - Now",
        query_or_df=df[(df["Imagery Service"].isin(top_100_edits_2021_now.index)) & (df["year"] >= 2021)],
        x_axis_col="year",
        y_axis_col="Imagery Service",
        value_col="Edits",
        center_columns=["Rank", "Imagery Service"],
        sum_col="Total Edits (2021 - Now)",
    ),
]

util.show_tables(table_configs)
Rank Imagery Service 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Total Contributors
1 Bing Aerial Imagery 55,606 123,437 130,064 134,295 166,720 174,812 155,602 169,325 151,032 126,243 148,789 153,769 149,334 87,938 1,375,668
2 .gpx data file 835 4,243 7,927 28,777 45,339 50,670 47,816 76,173 82,985 52,319 45,790 11,851 10,275 6,367 369,776
3 Esri World Imagery 0 0 0 1 4,439 14,942 19,510 25,003 23,783 21,113 34,686 34,227 35,613 20,851 157,123
4 Maxar Imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,936 35,634 53,021 48,224 30,163 221 11 4 150,596
5 Custom 345 1,807 4,729 9,193 19,536 12,985 14,523 37,108 30,860 4,339 2,912 3,622 3,433 1,882 129,517
6 OpenStreetMap (Standard) 0 0 0 1,444 10,559 12,257 12,768 11,741 13,993 13,432 14,584 14,558 14,863 8,520 91,110
7 Mapbox Satellite 0 4,168 6,217 9,999 9,165 7,459 8,491 10,857 14,309 11,113 17,925 11,016 11,441 10,777 90,406
8 .geojson data file 0 0 0 0 9 87 165 572 334 320 9,326 36,367 25,656 12,652 76,196
9 BDOrtho 0 0 0 0 0 9,870 12,262 14,168 13,363 12,923 13,228 13,109 9,080 44 60,864
10 DigitalGlobe Imagery (now Maxar) 0 0 0 1 14,193 19,685 12,718 14 3 3 0 0 0 0 38,697
11 GPS 912 4,325 4,547 4,323 5,420 5,156 5,271 5,187 4,391 3,644 3,619 3,550 3,766 2,223 37,960
12 Geoportal 2: Orthophotomap 0 0 0 0 1 3,265 4,817 5,052 3,270 5,698 5,749 6,105 6,554 4,620 26,996
13 None 308 1,684 1,811 1,735 1,538 1,867 2,690 2,641 2,892 3,793 2,522 3,203 3,364 1,760 25,265
14 PNOA Spain 0 0 0 256 4,186 4,283 4,613 3,489 4,190 4,560 3,751 3,582 3,719 2,224 24,963
15 MAPNIK 1,117 4,851 6,283 8,281 255 115 48 4,155 40 9 11 3 0 0 23,041
16 Mapillary 0 0 0 1,551 3,253 3,297 3,083 3,431 3,380 2,724 2,720 2,623 3,066 1,969 21,059
17 basemap.at 13 171 391 2,708 2,983 3,191 3,101 3,351 3,418 3,495 3,511 3,631 3,857 2,429 20,583
18 Bavaria (80 cm) 0 0 0 43 259 3,656 4,059 4,602 4,769 4,663 4,705 3,715 17 1 18,627
19 PDOK aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 2,229 3,354 2,854 3,193 3,199 3,035 3,287 3,798 2,505 17,280
20 OpenTopoMap 0 0 0 0 1 182 2,358 3,290 2,971 2,099 2,591 2,694 2,737 1,826 15,524
21 BD Ortho IGN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,481 9,050 14,374
22 Geoportal.gov.pl (Orthophotomap) 0 262 1,095 4,496 4,887 3,227 139 15 0 1 1 1 0 0 10,733
23 NRW Orthophoto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,176 4,453 4,371 3,141 514 25 1 9,390
24 swisstopo SWISSIMAGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 2,456 2,616 2,714 3,150 1,855 9,070
25 Saxony latest aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 1,299 1,506 1,309 1,657 1,609 1,763 1,813 1,887 1,150 7,915
26 NRW Orthophoto (RGB) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,125 4,757 2,653 7,230
27 OpenStreetCam Images 0 0 0 0 363 2,240 2,124 2,248 2,200 410 12 1 2 0 7,142
28 Hesse DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,115 2,262 2,411 2,566 1,579 7,135
29 MML Orthophoto 0 0 0 0 0 961 1,104 960 1,359 1,225 1,312 1,537 1,454 947 6,459
30 Norway Orthophoto 0 0 0 0 0 780 1,167 1,016 1,166 1,218 1,211 1,277 1,490 901 6,403
31 South Africa CD:NGI Aerial 17 36 99 705 889 735 681 796 661 477 666 833 720 617 6,246
32 Japan GSI 0 0 27 709 513 850 1,162 589 817 754 864 965 885 497 5,645
33 OpenRailwayMap 0 0 0 0 0 6 17 798 1,101 851 852 936 1,007 563 5,542
34 SPW(allonie) most recent aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 725 969 945 1,133 1,097 1,201 1,131 1,171 849 5,444
35 AIV Flanders 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,148 1,664 1,909 1,859 1,204 6 0 0 5,226
36 CyclOSM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 515 2,746 1,795 58 30 16 4,692
37 LINZ NZ Aerial Imagery 0 0 0 0 324 693 665 603 796 697 836 825 941 623 4,504
38 Cadastre 0 0 0 0 0 821 1,043 1,175 1,087 994 1,000 978 992 580 4,445
39 NC OneMap Latest Orthoimagery (Natural Color) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 802 1,247 1,148 1,524 1,124 4,344
40 SDFE aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 574 1,052 937 753 1,154 1,119 758 10 0 0 4,343
41 Orthophotos of mainland Portugal - 25cm - 2018 (DGT) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 668 1,466 1,514 1,822 282 6 4,280
42 KartaView Images 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1,195 1,370 1,317 1,489 880 4,268
43 Czechia CUZK orthophoto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,909 2,337 1,457 4,197
44 Stamen Terrain 0 0 0 120 556 749 661 565 696 629 380 44 26 7 4,110
45 Digitaal Vlaanderen most recent aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 974 1,673 1,935 1,229 4,014
46 PDOK Luchtfoto Beeldmateriaal 25cm 0 0 0 0 2,632 1,901 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,924
47 Baden-Württemberg DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,954 2,722 3,840
48 Geoportal 2 Nazwy ulic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,484 144 131 136 142 110 3,696
49 Ortofotomozaika SR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 565 957 1,203 1,097 1,186 758 3,676
50 NRW Liegenschaftskataster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,179 1,858 257 208 3,555
51 Belgium AGIV Orthophoto Flanders 0 0 107 1,493 1,722 1,037 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3,433
52 MD Latest 6 Inch Aerial Imagery 0 0 0 0 25 38 63 54 311 932 828 783 893 569 3,248
53 LPI NSW Imagery 0 0 5 202 1,005 1,120 996 757 4 2 0 0 0 0 3,216
54 OpenAerialMap Mosaic, by Kontur.io 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 1,017 862 922 459 3,007
55 SDFI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 523 1,243 1,445 881 3,006
56 National Agriculture Imagery Program 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 644 670 507 654 791 718 289 3,001
57 Thunderforest Landscape 0 0 0 1,132 1,323 683 18 12 3 1 2 2 2 2 2,911
58 USGS Topographic Maps 68 140 216 230 278 394 383 418 547 536 531 522 512 296 2,894
59 Mapilio Images 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 548 1,097 1,326 791 2,756
60 Brandenburg GeoBasis-DE/LGB (latest) / DOP20c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 252 1,247 1,427 810 2,677
61 TIGER Roads 111 26 0 0 119 447 739 736 845 420 320 296 350 189 2,673
62 GeoScribble latest notes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 1,451 841 2,657
63 .kml data file 0 0 0 0 53 413 438 559 387 366 454 467 530 277 2,601
64 Berlin aerial photography 0 0 0 0 0 762 1,215 950 367 0 0 0 0 0 2,544
65 © GeoBasis-DE/LVermGeo LSA, DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 133 380 883 914 931 559 2,506
66 GURS: Slovenia orthophoto 25cm (DOF025) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 587 631 669 701 744 422 2,488
67 Panoramax Images 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 597 1,537 1,021 2,409
68 Lithuania - NŽT ORT10LT 0 81 79 96 294 345 310 285 365 377 424 424 455 288 2,408
69 Niedersachsen DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 1,973 2,399
70 MassGIS 2021 Aerial Imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,065 1,169 789 47 33 2,350
71 dgu.hr: Croatia 2019-2020 aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 447 887 887 798 37 15 2,286
72 Helsinki region orthophoto 0 0 0 0 0 47 445 383 457 510 493 504 567 359 2,239
73 Orthophotos of mainland Portugal - 25 cm - 2018 (DGT) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,506 982 2,162
74 NRW vDOP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 121 1,973 105 32 2,058
75 MassGIS 2023 Aerial Imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 593 1,396 620 2,045
76 HOTOSM 0 0 0 0 2,028 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,028
77 Strava 4 290 378 546 571 318 112 110 76 53 133 283 292 25 1,992
78 ICGC - Ortofoto de Catalunya 1:2.500 vigent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 966 1,200 305 2 1,978
79 StratMap CapArea, Brazos & Kerr Imagery (Natural Color 2021) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 510 499 412 564 391 1,973
80 GRAFCAN OrtoExpress Urbana - Canary Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 235 348 431 427 447 476 316 1,964
81 Catastro Spain 0 0 0 0 0 220 337 360 383 366 374 447 473 304 1,797
82 OpenStreetMap 1,708 1 1 0 4 7 0 0 1 2 4 5 2 1 1,730
83 DCS NSW Imagery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 982 585 189 175 172 127 1,710
84 Kanton Zurich, Orthofoto ZH Frühjahr 2021 RGB 5cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 431 692 771 529 19 1,705
85 AGIV Flanders most recent aerial imagery 0 0 0 0 0 1,129 879 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,699
86 MassGIS 2019 Orthos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 1,356 268 80 25 1 0 1,657
87 OS OpenData StreetView 58 192 208 214 285 310 443 451 302 0 0 0 0 0 1,649
88 Orthophoto (2016–2018), 1:5000, Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 373 419 437 447 494 282 1,596
89 PNOA-Spain-TMS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,573 29 0 0 0 0 0 1,596
90 Latest available ortho geoportail.lu 0 0 0 0 0 243 262 231 281 302 305 298 347 213 1,580
91 ICGC - Ortofoto de Catalunya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,052 772 1,561
92 Berlin/Geoportal DOP20RGB (2024) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 868 898 1,513
93 Thüringen DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318 1,049 608 1,506
94 Actueel_ortho25_WMS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,462 58 0 0 0 0 0 1,489
95 FR-Cadastre 0 0 40 681 842 281 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1,439
96 Berlin/Geoportal DOP20RGBI (2022) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 1,159 16 5 0 1,421
97 Rheinland-Pfalz DOP20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 1,125 1,359
98 South Tyrol Orthofoto 2020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 548 575 412 25 8 1,347
99 Berlin/Geoportal DOP20RGBI (2024) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 959 3 1,346
100 Berlin/Geoportal DOP20RGB (2021) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 521 997 21 12 9 4 1,331